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Arterial hypertension

Aortic hypertension is a pathological condition characterized by an increase in the pressure indicators in the arteries of a large circle of blood circulation.One sign of the disease is an increase in diastolic blood pressure (lower), but in most cases diagnosed, patients have persistent growth of systolic pressure (above).

Which pressure is considered to be increased

The classification of blood pressure was accepted in 1999 is still valid to this day.The following are considered normal:

  • Optimal - less than 120/80 mm Hg.Art.;
  • Physiological norm - below 130/85 mm Hg.Art.;
  • Normally increased - within 130 rows 139/85 row89 mm Hg.Art.

The increase in pressure shows the formation of hypertension.The internal decentralization of the disease looks as follows:

  1. Soft (i degree) - 140 ball 159/90 from 999 mm Hg.Art.
  2. Average (II level two) - 160 balls179/100 from 109 mm Hg.Art.
  3. Heavy (level III) - More than 180/110.

The border gun is diagnosed in the case of indicators in 140-149/90 mm Hg.Art.And below.It comes with the stages of pressure growth and its spontaneous stability.

Systemic hypertension is isolated with diagnosis with indicators of 140 or higher / 90 or less mm Hg.Art.This type of pathology is characterized by an increase in the systolic index at the physiological level of diastolic.

Classification of Ag (main, secondary)

The classification of hypertension is based on some signs.When systematized, the doctors considered:

  • Reasons to incite the development of pathology;
  • defeated by target agencies;
  • The current level of blood pressure, etc.

Depending on the cause factors, usually distinguishing:

  1. Primary school (necessary).
  2. Secondary hypertension (symptoms).

According to the nature of the paragraph, benign (slow development) and malignant (with rapid decline of the condition) arterial hypertension is distinguished.

Secondary hypertension varieties (symptoms)

Secondary hypertension (symptoms) is a disease that develops due to damage to organs responsible for regulating blood pressure.It is characterized by a stubborn course, the absence of a positive reaction to hypotension therapy is conducted, as well as changes in target organs, especially the formation of the heart, kidney failure, etc.

If raw hypertension (essential format) occurs as an independent disease, secondary forms are always a symptom of the main pathology.Aortic hypertension syndrome comes with a significant number of diseases.It is diagnosed with 10 % of all cases of persistent hypertension.

The classification of hypertension is symptomatic based on disease stimulating factors.

Distinguish:

  1. Hypertension.Development is caused by damage to the central nervous system and related diseases, for example, brain born.
  2. Nephrogenic (renal origin).They are divided into interstitial forms, renoparenchymal, renovation, mixture and rhino.
  3. Ag endocrine.There are adrenal, thyroid, pituitary and menopausal glands.
  4. Hemodynamic - irritated by the disease of the heart and large artery channels.
  5. Dosage form.Its development is due to the use of oral contraception, glucocorticosteroids, etc.

The size and resistance of hypertension, the severity of changes in the state of left ventricle and Fundus as the foundation for another classification.Doctors distinguish the following symptomatic hypertension varieties:

  1. Fleeting.For pathology, a short -term increase in pressure indicators.The changes in the bottom of the bottom are absolutely no.Left ventricular hypertrophy is almost non -fixed.
  2. Labor.It is characterized by an average, short increase of blood pressure (decreased independence that does not occur).There is a weak left ventricular hypertrophy, narrowing the circuits of the retina of the eye.
  3. Stable.It comes with regular high blood pressure.The thickness of the heart muscle, serious violations in the circuits of financial diagnosed.
  4. Malignant (uncontrolled).It comes with a sharp increase in blood pressure.The result is disadvantage.

The following types of hypertension are found:

  • Lung hypertension (hypertension of a small circle of blood circulation).It is set as a diagnosis when determining blood pressure in the pulmonary artery above 25 mm.RT.Art.
  • Vasorsenal AH is a secondary form of disease due to insufficient blood circulation in the kidneys due to the result of weakened arterial ventilation.
  • Information portal hypertension is one of the varieties of the symptom form of the disease, accompanied by increased pressure inside the port vein.
  • Hypertension of Virsungov tube.It develops on the basis of the chronic inflammation of the pancreas.

Consequences and complications

With prolonged hypertension, the vessels of the target organs are damaged: heart, brain, kidney and eye.Violating the circulatory process can lead to consequences such as:

  • The chest attacks of angina,
  • myocardial infarction,
  • Mental complications, etc.

Important!The formation of acute states on the background of blood pressure increases sharply requires decreasing in the first minutes/hour.

Reason

The reasons for the development of essential pathology are not known by the doctor.Some nominated theories:

  1. Nervous (genetics).The cause of the development is chronic tension, significant emotional shocks and psychological trauma.All this causes failure in the nerve adjustment process, accompanied by an increase in the activity of the sympathetic system.As a result, the difference of signaling for all agencies and the increase in the sound of the walls of the ships.
  2. Moist salt.Due to the weakened processes of the output of excess liquid and certain trace elements.Due to the excessive content of sodium salt, the increase in the total volume of blood occurs.The body's efforts to maintain the hemostatic process at a physiological level leads to small vessels spasms.The minute volume indicators of the heart are stable, but the total blood pressure is increased.

Important!Doctors argue that the reason for development AH is an increase in the operation of the sympathetic system.

The revised risk factors (variable) are likely to cause the appearance of arterial hypertension:

  • Age - Diagnosis occurs in people of older age;
  • Bad habits - smoking, drinking alcohol;
  • a state of chronic stress;
  • not enough physical activity;
  • overweight;
  • The presence of simultaneous diseases - diabetes is especially unfavorable;
  • Excess salt with lack of potassium.

Reasons for hypertension may vary.The positive work of the adrenal gland, as well as the trend at the genetic level, can act as a stimulating factor.

Symptom

In the initial phase of the formation, arterial hypertension is asymptomatic.Patients will learn about the presence of a problem only after developing serious complications.

The only sign of pathology can be called an increase in pressure indicators.There are no complaints, or they are not specific:

  • Localized headache in the forehead area and behind the head;
  • dizzy;
  • Noise.

The first complaints were formed based on the failure of the target agencies.At this stage, the appearance of the following symptoms is recorded:

  • Dizziness, accompanied by headaches, noise - arising is a reasonable result of circulatory disorders;
  • Start problems with information memory;
  • Hands/feet paralyzed;
  • Weaknesses;
  • Duplicate visible images;
  • Flash the black dots in the field;
  • Violating words (rarely);
  • Kidney disease.

Symptoms are typical for the final stage.When they start forming pathology, they are coming.

With heart lesions, left ventricular heart (LV) begins to hypertrophy.The cause of the change is the body's compensation reaction, allowing the load to stabilize its walls.The increased ventricular increase is due to the increase in the number of myocardial cells.When the condition worsens, the heart chambers are dilated.

Such damage to the agency may manifest in the form of:

  • The formation of heart failure,
  • A sudden cardiac arrest,
  • Ischemic disease,
  • gastric rhythm disorders,
  • Heart asthma,
  • Difficulty breathing during the loading process.

Important!Cardi pain on Ag's background develops during absolute rest or as a result of emotional pressure.A characteristic feature is not able to prevent an attack with a glycerol tablet.

If the kidneys are damaged, the presence of protein in urine can be observed.The appearance of blood impurities is not excluded.The probability of renal failure is minimal.

Analysis of urine for arterial hypertension

The main clinical sign of arterial hypertension is headache.Appearing at any time of the day, but most often in the morning.It is felt by the patient as explosive or painful.The localization is the back of the head, but the spread to other areas of the head is not excluded.Pain is enhanced by tilting and while coughing.It can occur as a reaction to stressful, physical stress situations.

Diagnose

Diagnosis is designed to solve the following problems:

  • Establish pathology, determine the current level;
  • Determine the origin of hypertension (main/secondary form);
  • Carry out distinguishing diagnosis;
  • Determine the presence/absence of damage to the target agencies.

In a personal conversation with the patient, the doctor discovered the necessary points:

  1. There are cases where the environment is infected immediately.
  2. How long the pressure is fixed.
  3. There is a history of chronic diseases in patients, etc.

Body mass index (BMI) is calculated.Obesity is one of the potential provocators of hypertension formation.

After testing, blood pressure is measured.To determine the degree of arterial hypertension, the patient is indicated by the performance of the blood pressure record, which is to perform the measurements for the patient at home.It is necessary to perform 4 measurements: two mornings and two pm, for a few consecutive days.

The results must be included in the table.If the indicators exceed 140/90 mm Hg.Art., We can talk about the presence of arterial hypertension.

Sometimes a brush is specified (daily blood pressure monitoring).This technique is indicated if the patient's measurements are normal, but another symptom of the disease occurs.

Important!SMAD is many measurements of blood pressure indicators throughout the day.The measurements are made by a special device.

To establish the true cause of the development of arterial hypertension and determine the damage to the target agencies, prescribed:

  • Check the kidney system.Including studies on urine - a common test.A re -trial, an ultrasound of the kidney system, innovation with the introduction of radioactive isotopes prescribed.
  • Check the heart.The ECG is used (Electrolyte shows the development of R), an echocardiography (allowing you to see signs of increased pathology in the left ventricle and other changes).
  • Check the eye of the eye.One sign of the disease is the visual impregnation of blood vessels, sealing.Bleeding is not excluded.
  • Ultrasound of the thyroid and adrenal glands.
  • Blood examination is a common test and expansion of biochemistry.

When diagnosis of secondary hypertension, distinct diagnosis (DIF) is required.She passed two stages:

  • Clinical image analysis, improvement of complaints, especially patients' physical tests, listening to disease, studying tools/laboratory;
  • The diagnostic measures that allow you to assess the functional state of the organs and the existing changes, especially, need to eliminate cardiovascular disease.

The methods are considered to help confirm the diagnosis, determine the origin of the disease and choose the appropriate therapy for the state.

Treatment

Treatment of hypertension begins by modifying lifestyle and non -treatment.The exception is secondary hypertension.

Aortic hypertension treatment provides the following groups of drugs:

  1. Diuretics.The drugs have a positive effect on the condition of the cardiovascular system.Receiving is not accompanied by the development of side effects.Treatment begins with diuretics (contraindicated - diabetes and gout).In the context of treatment, the amount of urine is removed by the kidneys and thereby, excess water and sodium salt, increased.Diuretics are prescribed in combination with other hypertension.
  2. Alpha blockers.The drug is distinguished by good tolerance.They do not affect blood sugar levels.Provides a decrease in blood pressure with a slight increase in pulse (frequency of cardiac muscle spasms).The appearance of hypotension at the beginning of the group's drugs becomes a side effect.To eliminate its development, it is advisable to take medicine before going to bed.
  3. Beta blockers.Reducing heart rate, accompanied by reducing blood pressure.
  4. ACE inhibitors.Modern drugs are distinguished by a high treatment effect and good tolerance.In the context of taking money in the patient's body, the form of Angiotensin II - a hormone that causes narrowing of blood vessels does not occur.Thanks to this, the peripheral vessels expand, the heart operates in a more calm rhythm.There is a decrease in blood pressure indicators.
  5. Angiotensin-II villain.The drug is also preventing Angiotensin II.They are appointed if they cannot receive ACE inhibitors.
  6. Calcium antagonists.The drug extends the distance of blood vessels, thus preventing the development of stroke.The drugs have excellent treatment and well -tolerated.There is a small list of contraindications.The most commonly prescribed is part of complicated therapy.

To stop treating even after stabilizing blood pressure is prohibited.In this case, the disease will begin to progress again, this will negatively affect the state of the target agencies.In addition, the risk of developing heart attacks and stroke increases significantly.

The treatment is performed on the basis of outpatient patients: Independent patients use the selected drug.Hospital hospitalization is only recommended in serious cases.

The treatment of pathology in addition to taking medication provides massage.The procedures not only contribute to reducing pressure, but also to strengthen the overall body, improve the activity of the cardiovascular system, etc.Read more about different types of massage in our article: Massage with high pressure - classic, points and other effective methods.

Nutrition

Following the nutritional principles in the diet is one of the important stages to stabilize blood pressure indicators.With hypertension, diet No. 10 is recommended.

At the initial stage of pathological formation (AH 1 degrees), the diet is needed.With the decline in the state and the development of violations in the work of the heart and the blood vessel system, the switch to diet No. 5 A. is recommended

If the disease is complicated by atherosclerosis, the 10th diet C. Hypocholesterol diet is prescribed to reduce fat consumption of animal origin, easily digest carbohydrate.The diet should include foods with high fibers, vegetable and protein fat.

List of products allowed to be presented by the following positions:

  • Bread - wheat, black barley, whole grains, with bran.Non -young grilled, grilled.
  • Spice vegetable soup with cereal.
  • Diet meats: Poultry, rabbits.It is allowed to boil and bake.
  • Sea/river fish.Seafood.
  • Seasonal vegetables.From them, you can prepare the stew.
  • Sour products and low fat cheese.Sour cream -fat (placed in a dish).
  • Soft eggs (no more than 3 pieces per week).
  • Milk and tomato sauce.
  • Croats, pasta.
  • Oil (to add a finished dish).
  • Fruit/berries (in any form).It can be used to prepare composes, jelly, jelly.
  • Juice, tea with milk, rose medicine.

It must be completely excluded from the diet:

  • New baked bread, sdoba, complex cakes.
  • Favorite broth.
  • Fat meat.
  • Smoked meat, sausage.
  • Fish (salty/smoked), caviar.
  • Fat sauce, cheese, cream.
  • Spring, radish, spinach, horse mustard, mushrooms.
  • Cream, chocolate, confectionery, strong tea, coffee.

Salt consumption must be significantly reduced.

Salt with artery hypertension

Prevent

Prevention is nonspecific.Standard recommendation:

  1. Compliance with dietary nutrition principles, excluding or significantly reducing the mass of some products.Reduce animal and fat consumption.During cooking, do not smoke food.It is necessary to give up fat/sharp/fried dishes.
  2. Daily physical activity by age group.Perform human health to improve human health.Should participate in running, walking, swimming, visiting the gym, performing breathing exercises.At the beginning of the classroom, the body will receive a minimum load.It must be increased.
  3. Normalization of weight is one of the prerequisites for success.
  4. It is necessary to learn how to control stressful situations, because exactly violating the work of the central nervous system that doctors call the main reason for the development of the disease.Automatically, meditation, self - -hypnosis helps in this.
  5. A completely rejection of bad habits.Smoking and alcohol also have the ability to stimulate a pathology.

Physiological physiology considers arterial hypertension as one of the most serious diseases, not only the quality of the patient's life, but also the potential to cause death.That is why when the stage of hypertension appears, an expert advice is required and, if necessary, start treatment.